Steel & Structural Timber
182 sources in the library on steel & structural timber, 32 on this page cited in a published note. Each one says what the document covers and what it is good for. Name a source to see which document it is and where to read it. One at a time. Page 2 of 5.
- fair RN-0GUC15 cited
Hertfordshire Building Control
Cold-weather site guidance from a local authority building control company: stop bricklaying at 3 °C and falling, and cover new brickwork against rain and frost.
Cited in Timber Frame vs Masonry (Brick & Block) Construction.
- fair RN-L5306W cited
Holzforschung Austria, dataholz.eu
A Holzforschung Austria data sheet excerpting Table 1 of EN 338:2016: bending, tension, compression and shear strengths, moduli of elasticity and characteristic densities for softwood strength classes C16 to C30.
- fair RN-IXN9Z2 cited
LABC (Local Authority Building Control)
Local Authority Building Control's guidance note on cutting solid timber joists for services. It gives the permitted zones for notches and holes as fractions of the span, the depth and diameter limits, and the spacing between holes.
- fair RN-EYAGCK cited
Timber Development UK
The timber trade body's explainer on the two main UK structural softwood classes. It settles that the class number is the bending strength defined in BS EN 338: 16 N/mm2 for C16 and 24 for C24.
- fair RN-KDN35U cited
Timber Development UK, published by Taylor Maxwell
Timber Development UK's 2023 span tables for C16 solid timber members in dwellings, calculated to Eurocode 5: maximum clear spans of domestic floor joists, ceiling joists and flat roof joists by section, spacing and dead load.
Cited in Loft Boarding: How to Board a Loft Properly, Loft Flooring: Boards, Costs & Installation, Structural Timber Grades: C16 vs C24 Explained, Suspended Timber Floors: Joists, Boards & Ventilation.
- fair RN-SAYZCE cited
Timber Development UK, published by Taylor Maxwell
Timber Development UK's 2023 span tables for C24 solid timber members in dwellings, calculated to Eurocode 5: maximum clear spans of domestic floor joists, ceiling joists and flat roof joists by section, spacing and dead load.
Cited in Average Loft Conversion Cost: Real 2026 Breakdown by Type, Building a Home Gym: Cost & Setup (Garage or Spare Room), Building Regs for Loft Conversions: Homeowner Checklist, Fixing Squeaky Floors & Stairs and 9 more.
- supplier figure RN-6DUCAB cited
B&Q (sold by Materials Market)
A retailer's product page for a pack of 100 solid red Class B engineering bricks and its pack price. It sets the high end of the Class B row at about £1.92 a brick.
- supplier figure RN-RTE3NL cited
Binderholz
A glulam manufacturer's datasheet made to EN 14080, cited for a product value. Its table gives mean stiffness by class: GL24c to GL32c 11,000 to 13,500, then GL24h 11,500 and GL28h 12,600 N/mm².
- supplier figure RN-A19LP7 cited
F H Brundle
A UK steel stockholder's product page for a plain 203x133x25 universal beam in S355 sold per metre, with its ex-VAT price, for comparison with the primed version.
Cited in Steel Beams (RSJ) Explained: Sizes, Cost & When You Need One, Steel Beams (RSJ/UB/UC): Sizes, Grades & Cost.
- supplier figure RN-6KJK4G cited
F H Brundle
A UK steel stockholder's product page for a 203x133x25 universal beam sold per metre shot-blasted and red-oxide primed, with its ex-VAT price per metre.
- supplier figure RN-UJ805R cited
Forterra
Thermalite Hi-Strength 7 Block. Compressive strength 7.3 N/mm2, design thermal conductivity (protected, 3%) 0.185 W/mK, dry density 730 kg/m3, face size 440 x 215 mm. Forterra position it for homes above 2.5 storeys and room-in-roof construction. Reaction to fire class A1, sound reduction 41-50 dB depending on block thickness. Manufactured to BS EN 771-4, compliant with Masonry Wall Robust Details and supporting Approved Documents A, B, E and L.
- supplier figure RN-O7W31K cited
Forterra
Thermalite Party Wall block. Design lambda 0.16 W/mK, dry density 660 kg/m3, face size 440 x 215 mm. Weights quoted at a typical as-received moisture content of 23% with moisture equilibrium about 3% protected and 5% exposed. Intended for separating walls between dwellings where Robust Details apply.
- supplier figure RN-J2DJG9 cited
Forterra
Thermalite Shield Block 3.6. Compressive strength 3.6 N/mm2, design lambda 0.15 W/mK, dry density 600 kg/m3, face size 440 x 215 mm, height 215 mm, length 440 mm. Widths and weights: 50 mm 3.8 kg, 75 mm 5.7 kg, 100 mm 7.6 kg, 140 mm 10.6 kg, 150 mm 11.3 kg, 200 mm 15.1 kg, 215 mm 16.3 kg. Weights are quoted at a typical as-received moisture content of 23%, with moisture equilibrium about 3% protected and 5% exposed. Used for external walls, foundations, partitions and separating walls.
- supplier figure RN-RJ032Z cited
Forterra (London Brick)
London Brick Commons, 65 mm, made at Kings Dyke. Manufactured to EN 771-1. Dimensions 215 x 102.5 x 65 mm. Compressive strength 25 N/mm2, configuration frogged with 14-20% voids, dry weight 1.95 kg, active soluble salts S2, dimensional tolerance mean T2, manufacture type pressed. Thermal conductivity lambda 10,dry 0.45 W/mK and 0.75 W/mK exposed at 5% moisture. Forterra sell commons as utility bricks, not facing bricks, so colour, texture, chipping, hairline cracks and crazing may vary. London Brick is available in the standard 65 mm size with four bricks also in 73 mm, which is what makes it the usual match for an extension to a mid-century house.
Cited in Bricks Per 1000 Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide, Types of Brick: Facing, Engineering & Common.
- supplier figure RN-HU3368 cited
H+H UK
Celcon High Strength Grade aircrete block. Compressive strength 7.3 N/mm2, thermal conductivity 0.18 W/mK, dry density 730 kg/m3, widths 100 mm to 355 mm. Covered for beam and block floor infill by BBA certificate 05/4275, which applies to all Celcon grades.
Cited in Concrete Blocks: Aircrete vs Dense vs Hollow, Padstones, Bearings & Wall Plates Explained.
- supplier figure RN-5V98H2 cited
H+H UK
Celcon Solar Grade aircrete block. Compressive strength 2.9 N/mm2, thermal conductivity 0.11 W/mK, dry density 460 kg/m3. This is the lowest lambda block in the Celcon range and is the one specified where the inner leaf has to carry the U-value. Page links the Solar Grade 2023 datasheet, the Celcon Blocks 2023 datasheet and pack information.
- supplier figure RN-5KTFKZ cited
H+H UK
Celcon Standard Grade aircrete block, product code S. Compressive strength 3.6 N/mm2, thermal conductivity 0.15 W/mK, dry density 600 kg/m3. UKCA marked with separate certificates by product and thickness, including SCP100, SCP140, SCP150, SRC075, SRC100, SRC140, SRC150 and SRC215, so the range runs from a 75 mm to a 215 mm block. Supporting technical data sheets on the page cover fire resistance (TSD01), masonry movement (TSD02), characteristic strength of masonry (TSD03), U-values (TSD04, July 2026), fixings (TSD20), block weights (TSD43), external render (TSD45), sound and Robust Details (TSD57) and mortar yields (TSD62). BBA certificate 01/3816 Sheet 1.
Cited in Lintels Explained: Steel, Concrete & Stone, Mortar Mix Ratios & Types: Which Mix for What.
- supplier figure RN-2JM9A9 cited
H+H UK
Celcon Super Strength Grade aircrete block. Compressive strength 8.7 N/mm2, thermal conductivity 0.18 W/mK, dry density 730 kg/m3. Same lambda and density as High Strength Grade but 1.4 N/mm2 more compressive strength, which is the reason to specify it. BBA certificate 05/4275 for beam and block floor infill.
- supplier figure RN-EGCKI9 cited
Helifix (Leviat)
DryFix is a one-piece grade 316 stainless steel tie driven in with an SDS hammer drill and a Power Driver Attachment, needing no resin, grout or mechanical expansion. It works in brick, block, concrete, hard mortar and timber, in cavity and solid walls, hollow materials and close to edges, and the installed tie sits recessed below the face of the masonry. Multiple drip points stop water crossing the cavity, and it can be driven through insulation without affecting thermal performance. System components are the DryFix tie, RP drill bits for pilot holes, the Power Driver Attachment and extension, and a Load Test Unit with Pull Test Key. Variants: DryFix Terracotta for delicate terracotta, DryFix RenderPin for loose render and DryFix Asymmetric for a soft outer leaf on a hard inner leaf.
Cited in Cavity Wall Tie Failure: Signs & Repair, Cavity Wall Ties: Types, Spacing & Replacement.
- supplier figure RN-HXX7R2 cited
Lawsons
A builders' merchant product page for one C24 joist section, showing £19.68 ex VAT (£23.62 inc VAT) for the 3.0 m length; 3.0 × 0.047 × 0.2 m is 0.0282 m³, so about £698 per m³.
- supplier figure RN-H6VWVH cited
Lords Builders Merchants
A builders' merchant's product page for a single solid blue Class A engineering brick, £2.36 including VAT and £1.97 before it. It supports the Class A row.
- supplier figure RN-F2JJQY cited
Marley Ltd
JB Red roofing batten: available in 25 x 38mm and 25 x 50mm sections only, factory graded in the UK to BS 5534 using laser (Goldeneye) scanning, and described as the only UK factory-graded roof batten holding BBA certification. Produced from slow-grown kiln-dried sideboards. Treated with MicroPro preservative complying with BS 8417:2011 Use Class 2, carrying a 60-year desired service life.
- supplier figure RN-1NKCKA cited
Metsä Wood
Metsä Wood's Kerto LVL design manual. It gives the S-beam's characteristic bending strength as 44.0 N/mm² edgewise and 50.0 flatwise, and its mean modulus of elasticity as 13,800 N/mm².
- supplier figure RN-T9OVJ5 cited
Metsä Wood
Metsä Wood's own explainer on its Kerto LVL, describing it as rotary-peeled softwood veneers glued into a continuous billet, made from three-millimetre veneers.
- supplier figure RN-FKPO76 cited
Plasmor
Plascon dense aggregate block. Strengths 7.3 N/mm2 and 10.4 N/mm2, both at a dry density of 1900 kg/m3. Thermal conductivity K 1.13 W/mK at both strengths, which is roughly ten times the lambda of an aircrete block and the reason dense blocks are kept out of the insulated leaf. Sizes 100 mm and 140 mm in both strengths, solid. Work size 440 x width x 215 mm, coordinating 450 x width x 225 mm. Pack coverage 7.2 m2 at 100 mm and 4.8 m2 at 140 mm.
- supplier figure RN-IYXDPS cited
Robert Price Builders' Merchants
A builders' merchant's product page for a 440 x 215 x 100 mm precast C40/50 concrete padstone with its price including and excluding VAT. It sits inside the note's padstone price range.
- supplier figure RN-O1FQU0 cited
Selco Builders Warehouse
A builders' merchant's product page for a single 65 mm red Class B engineering brick, priced including and excluding VAT. It sets the low end of the Class B row.
- supplier figure RN-IPXPQX cited
Stowell Concrete
A precast concrete maker's padstone product page. It gives the compressive strength its padstones are made to and the sizes it produces.
- supplier figure RN-GRUU6Y cited
Travis Perkins
Travis Perkins' product page for a 3.6 m length of 47 x 150 mm regularised, treated C24 timber, priced at £23.09 excluding VAT (£27.71 including VAT).
- supplier figure RN-DDB4Q2 cited
Travis Perkins
Travis Perkins' product page for a 3.6 m length of 47 x 150 mm regularised, pressure-treated C16 timber, priced at £22.94 excluding VAT (£27.53 including VAT).
- supplier figure RN-EDJ4K7 cited
Travis Perkins
Travis Perkins product page for a 47 x 150 mm x 4.8 m length of treated C24 timber, giving its retail price; 0.03384 m³ per length puts it at about £1,090 per m³ including VAT.
Cited in Structural Materials: The Complete Guide.
- supplier figure RN-81XA5U cited
Wienerberger UK
Manufacturer page for engineering bricks. It gives the Class A and Class B compressive strength and water absorption limits from the UK National Annex to BS EN 771-1.
Cited in Bricks Per 1000 Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide, Padstones, Bearings & Wall Plates Explained, Steel Beam (RSJ) Sizing & Installation, Types of Brick: Facing, Engineering & Common.
- very strong RN-8Y875H
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
The list of test standards common across product families that UK approved bodies use when assessing construction products, published 27 January 2021 and last updated 21 May 2025, in force from 1 January 2021. Names the specific test methods behind fire performance claims a product data sheet will quote, so a note can verify what a rating actually measures: TS 1187 external fire exposure to roofs; EN ISO 1182 non-combustibility test; EN ISO 1716 gross heat of combustion or calorific value; EN 13823 the single burning item test for building products excluding floorings; EN ISO 11925-2 ignitability under direct flame impingement, the single-flame source test; EN ISO 9239-1 burning behaviour of floorings using a radiant heat source; EN 1365-3 and EN 1365-4 fire resistance of loadbearing beams and columns; EN 1634-1 and EN 1634-3 fire resistance and smoke control for door and shutter assemblies and openable windows; and the EN and ENV 13381 series for applied protection to composite, hollow steel, timber and steel structural members. The latest versions of the standards themselves are on the BSI website.
- very strong RN-XS4MR0
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government and Office for Product Safety and Standards
The official list that decides which British and European standards a construction product's declaration of performance must be assessed against, first published 18 December 2020 and last updated 26 September 2025, applying to England, Scotland and Wales. Explains that designated standards support Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 as amended from time to time, and that together with the horizontal standards on assessment methods they create the common technical language UK approved bodies use when carrying out assessments. Published as a notice of publication dated 26 September 2025, a 51 page PDF, superseding the notice of 1 January 2021 of 53 pages, alongside a consolidated list in ODS format at version 2. This is the reference that turns the standard number cited in a declaration of performance into a check that the right standard was used. A companion page covers horizontal test specifications for construction products.
- very strong RN-FSY9SH
Office for Product Safety and Standards
The searchable national database a reader can use to check whether a specific building product, appliance or tool has been recalled or flagged, run by the Office for Product Safety and Standards. Holds 3,692 reports at the date checked, filterable by alert type (product safety alert, product safety report, product recall), risk level (serious, high, medium, low, not provided), product category, measure type and date. Relevant product categories for renovation work include Construction products, Gas appliances and components, Electrical appliances and equipment, Lighting equipment, Adaptors, plugs and sockets, Hand tools, Machinery, Lifts, Pressure equipment and vessels, Furniture and Personal protective equipment. Measure types range from warning consumers of the risks and marking the product with warnings, through modification programmes and withdrawal from the market, to recall from end users, destruction of the product, import rejected at border and removal of the listing by the online marketplace. Entries carry a reference number and date, for example Sophie Allport Doorstops and Draught Excluders (2608-0008) recalled 13 August 2026.
- very strong RN-B7FKWF
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Sets out exactly what a declaration of performance must contain, which is what to look for when checking a product claim. Article 6(2) requires the product-type reference, the system or systems of assessment and verification of constancy of performance from Annex V, the reference number and date of issue of the designated standard or UK Technical Assessment used for each essential characteristic, and any Specific Technical Documentation reference. Article 6(3) requires the intended use or uses, the list of essential characteristics, the performance of at least one essential characteristic, performance stated by level, class or description, and crucially that any listed essential characteristic for which no performance is declared must carry the letters NPD, meaning No Performance Determined. Article 6(4) requires the declaration to follow the model in Annex III.
- strong RN-J699CC
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT. BS 1202-1:2002 was published 7 February 2002 under committee B/518, ISBN 0 580 37316 9, and specifies the requirements, including dimensions and finish, for steel nails. It divides them into wire nails, of which it lists 14 types from convex head roofing nails to duplex head nails with round, square, annular ringed and helical threaded shanks and chisel or diamond points, and cut nails, of which it lists two types, cut clasp nails and cut floor brads. This is the standard behind a specification such as galvanised round wire nails to BS 1202-1, and it is the reference used when BS 5534 calls up nail types for tile and slate fixing. Parts 2 and 3 (both 1974) cover copper nails and aluminium nails. Catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status, committee and the type lists; dimensional tables are paywalled.
- strong RN-A1LC5G
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: WITHDRAWN on 30 March 2010. BS 6399-1:1996 was published 15 September 1996, replacing BS 6399-1:1984, and gave the recommendations for dead loads, minimum imposed loads by activity type and vertical loading on protective elements such as barriers, for new buildings and structures, alterations and additions to existing ones, and existing construction on change of use (but not maintenance or replacement without a change of occupancy). The 1996 revision reorganised floor load classes around activity rather than occupancy and clarified reduction of imposed load by building height and loaded area. It was superseded by Eurocode 1, BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 with its UK National Annex, so any note quoting the familiar 1.5 kN/m2 domestic floor load or a loft storage load to BS 6399 is citing a standard withdrawn in 2010 and should cite BS EN 1991-1-1 instead. Note BS 6399-2 (wind) and BS 6399-3 (imposed roof loads, now BS 8683:2021) were part of the same withdrawn family. Catalogue page confirms number, title, dates, withdrawal and scope.
- strong RN-KTG0RI
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: WITHDRAWN on 30 April 2010, superseded by BS EN 14250:2010. BS EN 14250:2004 was published 6 January 2005 and specified the product requirements for prefabricated structural members such as trusses, beams and girders made of timber and assembled with punched metal plate fasteners, covering materials, strength, reaction to fire, timber sizing, moisture content, dimensional accuracy and joint requirements, plus evaluation of conformity and marking. This is the standard behind the trussed rafter roof that a loft conversion note has to explain cannot simply have its webs cut out, so it matters that the edition cited is current: a note quoting BS EN 14250:2004 is citing a withdrawn one. Design of the trusses themselves sits under BS EN 1995-1-1. Catalogue page confirms number, title, publication date, withdrawal date and scope.
- strong RN-KZE79J
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: WITHDRAWN on 1 June 2007. BS EN 519:1995 was published 15 October 1995 and set the requirements for machine strength graded structural timber and for the grading machines themselves, covering quality control, test methodology and acceptance criteria. It was superseded by the BS EN 14081 series, Timber structures. Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section, whose parts are BS EN 14081-1:2016+A1:2019 general requirements, BS EN 14081-2 machine grading type testing, BS EN 14081-3 machine grading factory production control and BS EN 14081-4. Any note that says timber is machine graded to BS EN 519 is quoting a standard withdrawn in 2007; the machine graded counterpart to visual grading under BS 4978 is now BS EN 14081. Catalogue page confirms number, title, publication date, withdrawal date and scope but does not name the replacement.