Windows, Doors & Glazing
248 sources in the library on windows, doors & glazing, 40 on this page cited in a published note. Each one says what the document covers and what it is good for. Name a source to see which document it is and where to read it. One at a time. Page 1 of 7.
- very strong RN-DNUSE8 cited
Department of Finance (Northern Ireland)
Northern Ireland's equivalent of Approved Document L Volume 1. This edition came into effect on 30 June 2022 and gives guidance on regulations 39 to 47 of the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2012, which set the requirements for conservation of fuel and power in dwellings, including the limiting U-values a replacement window or door must meet in Northern Ireland. It replaced the 2012 version, and the Department publishes an awareness briefing and FAQ setting out the differences. The full text is at https://www.finance-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/dfp/TB%20Part%20F1%202022_On-Line%20Publication.pdf. Cite this rather than Approved Document L whenever a note gives a window U-value for a reader in Northern Ireland.
Cited in Industrial Style Windows: Cheaper Alternatives, 2026 Costs, Insulation: The Complete Guide.
- very strong RN-JY5PID cited
Federation of Window Cleaners
The Federation of Window Cleaners' rule book and code of practice, as filed with the Certification Officer. It requires members to hold public liability insurance and employer's liability where appropriate.
Cited in Hiring A Professional Window Cleaner.
- very strong RN-NW8D63 cited
Health and Safety Executive
An HSE safety bulletin on BS EN 12453:2017 explaining that powered doors and gates fall under the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008 and that meeting the standard alone is not enough.
Cited in Garage Doors: Types & Cost.
- very strong RN-JYU5Q9 cited
Health and Safety Executive
An HSE safety bulletin that reproduces BS EN 12453's safety measures for powered doors and gates, including force limitation on meeting an obstacle and sensitive protective equipment.
Cited in Garage Doors: Types & Cost.
- very strong RN-7FFIB1 cited
Health and Safety Executive
HSE's guidance sheet for the window cleaning trade, the source behind the questions a homeowner should ask before hiring one. It applies the Work at Height Regulations 2005 hierarchy: avoid work at height where reasonably practicable, for example by using telescopic water fed poles or cleaning from inside; then use an existing safe place of work such as an inside sill or balcony; then minimise the consequences of a fall. It names the joint HSE and Federation of Window Cleaners best practice guidance 'Window Cleaning with Water Fed Poles: How to do it and look after your body'. On ladders it says a ladder should not be the automatic choice but can be the most sensible option for low risk, short duration tasks, traditionally ground, first and second floor domestic windows, that almost all falls from ladders happen because the ladder moved unexpectedly, and that the ladder should be tied to a suitable point wherever possible. The Regulations require work at height to be properly planned, supervised and carried out by competent people. Cite this for why a quote based on water fed poles is the safer and normal method above ground floor.
Cited in Hiring A Professional Window Cleaner.
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Historic England
Historic England's consents guidance confirms that conservation area consent, formerly needed to demolish unlisted buildings in conservation areas, was abolished in 2013 and replaced by planning permission for relevant demolition.
Cited in Window Screen Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-CRNETJ cited
Historic Environment Division, Department for Communities (Northern Ireland)
NORTHERN IRELAND, with a fifth grading system distinct from every other nation. There are over 9,100 listed buildings in Northern Ireland, designated as being of special architectural or historic interest under SECTION 80 OF THE PLANNING ACT (NORTHERN IRELAND) 2011, not England's Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Statutory listing began in Northern Ireland in 1974 and the First Survey took over 20 years. Grades are A, B+, B, B1 and B2, against England's I, II* and II and Scotland's A, B and C, but the statutory controls apply EQUALLY to all listed buildings irrespective of grade, so the NI grade does not change what consent is needed. Listing covers the complete interior and exterior and can extend to fixtures and free standing objects within the curtilage. The Historic Environment Division is a statutory consultee to the local councils, which determine listed building consent applications. Records sit in the NI Buildings Database, the Historic Environment Map Viewer and the Historic Environment Register of Northern Ireland.
- very strong RN-M4MO8U cited
HM Government (GOV.UK)
The government's guide to when building regulations approval is needed. It lists replacing windows and doors among the jobs that need approval unless done by a competent person scheme installer.
Cited in Cowboy Builders: Warning Signs Before & During a Job, Trickle Vents & Background Ventilation.
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Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
Approved Document B volume 1, the statutory guidance to Part B of the Building Regulations for dwellings in England. Paragraph 2.10 settles what an emergency escape window has to do: an unobstructed openable area of at least 0.33 square metres, at least 450mm high and 450mm wide, with the bottom of the opening no more than 1100mm above the floor, and the window able to stay open without being held. That is the requirement a replacement hinge has to keep intact.
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Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
Table 1.1 sets minimum intermittent extract rates: kitchen with a cooker hood extracting outside 30 l/s, kitchen without one 60 l/s, utility room 30 l/s, bathroom 15 l/s, sanitary accommodation 6 l/s. Extract terminals and fans other than cooker hoods should be as high as practicable and no more than 400mm below the ceiling; a cooker hood should sit between 650mm and 750mm above the hob if the manufacturer gives no figure. Table 1.7 requires background ventilators of at least 8000mm2 equivalent area in habitable rooms and kitchens for a dwelling, 10,000mm2 for a single-storey dwelling. Background ventilators should be at least 1700mm above floor level and at least 500mm from a fan in the same room. On replacement windows, paragraph 3.14 says new windows must carry background ventilators no smaller than the originals, and paragraph 3.15 gives the fallback minimums where the old size is unknown: 8000mm2 habitable rooms, 8000mm2 kitchen, 4000mm2 bathroom. Paragraph 3.32 confirms that replacing an extractor fan or cooker hood on existing cabling is not notifiable.
Cited in Adding an Ensuite: Cost, Layout & Plumbing, All You Need To Know About Double Glazing Repairs, Annexe & Granny Flat: Cost, Planning & Rules, Basement & Cellar Conversions: Cost and 57 more.
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Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
The standard that decides whether a loft ladder is legal and when a raised deck needs a balustrade. Published 3 January 2013, it covers protection from falling, collision and impact including stairs, ladders, ramps, guarding and vehicle barriers. Paragraph 1.31 states that retractable ladders must not be used as a means of escape. Paragraph 1.32 permits a fixed ladder, with fixed handrails on both sides, only for access in a loft conversion containing one habitable room, and only where there is not enough space without altering the existing space for a compliant stair, which is the rule that catches most loft ladder installations. Paragraph 1.29 restricts alternating tread stairs to loft conversions. For a private stair the maximum pitch is 42 degrees (Table 1.1 note 1), the normal relationship between rise and going is twice the rise plus the going between 550mm and 700mm, and for dwellings external tapered steps forming part of the building need a going of at least 280mm. Paragraph 3.1 requires guarding wherever it is reasonably necessary for safety at the edge of a floor, gallery, balcony, roof, light well, basement or similar sunken area. Paragraph 3.2 requires guarding to be at least the height in Diagram 3.1, allows any wall, parapet or balustrade to serve as guarding, and requires it to resist the loads in BS EN 1991-1-1 with its UK National Annex and PD 6688-1-1, with BS 6180 for barrier and infill panel design. Handrails should be positioned 900mm to 1000mm from the pitch line or floor.
Cited in All You Need To Know About Double Glazing Repairs, Basement & Cellar Conversions: Cost, Basement Conversion Cost & Feasibility (UK), Bifold Doors: Cost, Sizes & Alternatives and 56 more.
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Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
The in-force U-value tables a DIY insulation or door note must quote, with the exact numbers. Table 4.2, limiting U-values for new fabric elements in existing dwellings, sets roof 0.15, wall 0.18, floor 0.18, swimming pool basin 0.25, window 1.4 or Window Energy Rating Band B minimum, rooflight 2.2, doors with more than 60 per cent of the internal face glazed 1.4 or Doorset Energy Rating Band C minimum, and other doors 1.4 or Doorset Energy Rating Band B minimum. Table 4.3, for existing elements, gives a roof threshold of 0.35 and an improved value of 0.16, which is the figure a loft insulation note needs: paragraph 4.12 says a retained element whose U-value is higher than the column (a) threshold, for example through a loft or garage conversion, should be upgraded to the column (b) value. Paragraph 4.13 allows a lesser upgrade only where the improved value is not technically or functionally feasible or would not achieve a simple payback of 15 years or less. Paragraph 4.8 requires a replacement element to be no worse than the one it replaces as well as meeting Table 4.2. Paragraph 4.10 gives the heritage exception: where character must be maintained, a centre pane U-value of no more than 1.2 or low-emissivity secondary glazing. Note 9 records that the timber window concession of 1.6 or Band C ended on 14 June 2023. The 2021 edition came into force on 15 June 2022; a 2026 edition exists at https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69c122a6cfa346b9d4704a55/ADL1_2026.pdf.
Cited in Adding an Ensuite: Cost, Layout & Plumbing, Adding Porch, All You Need To Know About Double Glazing Repairs, Annexe & Granny Flat: Cost, Planning & Rules and 169 more.
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Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
The 2026 edition takes effect on 24 March 2027 for work not connected with higher-risk building work, and 24 September 2027 where it is, with transitional arrangements in Circular Letter 01/2026. Table 3.1 sets limiting U-values for new dwellings: all roof types 0.16, wall 0.26, floor 0.18, window 1.6, rooflight 2.2, doors 1.6 W per square metre per kelvin, with air permeability 8.0 cubic metres per hour per square metre at 50Pa. Table 3.2 covers new elements in existing dwellings, that is extensions and loft conversions: roof 0.15, wall 0.18, floor 0.18, window 1.4 or Window Energy Rating Band B, rooflight 2.2. Table 3.3 covers upgrading existing elements: a roof with a U-value worse than the 0.35 threshold must be improved to 0.16, and note 2 confirms that for dormer windows the roof figure covers the roof parts and the wall figure the cheeks, while note 3 allows a higher U-value where the standard would limit head room provided the insulation plus air gap is at least the depth of the rafters.
Cited in External Wall Insulation (EWI) Systems & Finishes, Insulation: The Complete Guide, Triple Glazing: Worth the Cost?.
- very strong RN-R7QZ7M cited
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
Supports Part O of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations 2010 (requirement O1 and regulation 40B); the 2021 edition took effect on 15 June 2022 in England, with transitional relief for work notified before that date and started before 15 June 2023. Critically, paragraph 0.3 limits the guidance to NEW residential buildings only (dwellings, residential institutional and residential other, plus shared communal rooms, common spaces and live/work units), and paragraph 0.7 applies it only to the residential parts of mixed-use buildings. Compliance is by the simplified method (Section 1) or dynamic thermal modelling to CIBSE TM59 (Section 2); the simplified method splits England into a high risk location (urban and some suburban London listed in Appendix C, with guidance for parts of central Manchester) and a moderate risk location (the rest of England). Table 1.1 (cross-ventilated) caps glazing as a percentage of floor area at north 15 high risk / 18 moderate, east 18/18, south 15/15, west 18/11, with the most glazed room capped at north 37/37, east 37/37, south 22/30, west 37/22. Table 1.2 (no cross-ventilation) caps glazing at north 15/18, east 11/18, south 11/15, west 11/11, most glazed room north 26/26, east 18/26, south 11/15, west 18/11.
Cited in Glass Box & Bifold Extensions: Cost & Ideas, Glazed Extensions: The Complete UK Guide, Glazing Explained: U-values, Low-E, Argon & Spacers, Rooflights & Skylights: Materials & Types.
- very strong RN-VGR6O6 cited
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
The security standard for doors and windows, ISBN 978 1 85946 601 8, in force from 5 March 2015 and last updated 22 November 2024. Requirement Q1 applies only to new dwellings, and to easily accessible doors and windows giving access into a dwelling from outside, into a building containing flats from outside, or into a flat from the common parts. Paragraph 1.2 requires secure doorsets tested to PAS 24:2012 or designed to Appendix B, with STS 201 Issue 5:2013, LPS 1175 Issue 7:2010 security rating 2, STS 202 Issue 3:2011 burglary rating 2 and LPS 2081 Issue 1:2015 security rating B accepted as equivalents. Paragraph 1.3 caps a letter plate aperture at 260mm x 40mm and points to DHF technical specification TS 008:2012. Paragraph 1.4 requires a door viewer on the main entrance door unless clear glass or an adjacent window serves the purpose, plus a door chain or limiter. Paragraph 2.2 requires ground floor, basement and other easily accessible windows and rooflights to be tested to PAS 24:2012, with STS 204 Issue 3:2012, LPS 1175 rating 1 and LPS 2081 rating A as equivalents, and paragraph 2.3 requires frames to be mechanically fixed to the structure. Appendix B specifies a doorset in solid or laminated timber to a minimum density.
Cited in Industrial Style Windows: Cheaper Alternatives, 2026 Costs, Composite vs uPVC vs Timber Front Doors, Extension Building Regulations: Homeowner Guide, Front Door Styles & Security and 5 more.
- very strong RN-2WZR3Y cited
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
The landing page for Approved Document F, Ventilation. Volume 1 covers dwellings and Volume 2 buildings other than dwellings; the current edition took effect 15 June 2022 and a 2026 edition is published on the same page. This is the document that sets background ventilation (trickle vent) equivalent areas and intermittent extract rates, and the reason replacement windows must not make existing ventilation worse. Volume 1 is a 859 KB PDF, Volume 2 is 662 KB.
- very strong RN-GD90K2 cited
The National Archives
Section 43 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982. It creates the window cleaner's licence required to carry on the trade in Scotland, administered by local licensing authorities.
Cited in Hiring A Professional Window Cleaner.
- very strong RN-XHATOQ cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk), Scottish Statutory Instruments
SCOTLAND, latest revised version with no outstanding effects, and several of these contradict England. Type 20 makes a door, window or rooflight warrant-exempt EVEN WHERE THE FRAME IS REPLACED, so a Scottish window replacement needs no building warrant and no FENSA or Certass notification, unlike England where replacing a window is notifiable building work; it must still meet the regulations, including the 1.4 W/m2K or WER Band B standard. Type 19 exempts open raised external decking unless it is at a height of more than 1.2 metres. Type 21 exempts a paved area or hardstanding unless it exceeds 200 SQUARE METRES or forms part of a required access, a far more generous threshold than England's 5 square metre front garden rule. Type 22 exempts extra-low voltage electrical installations not exceeding 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC. Type 24 exempts like-for-like replacement of fittings including sanitary facilities, rainwater gutters and downpipes, solid fuel appliances, electrical fixtures, ventilation fans and kitchen fitments, but expressly NOT doors, windows or rooflights, nor oil or gas fired boilers. Type 25 exempts like-for-like replacement of flooring, lining, cladding, covering or rendering internally or externally. All are conditional on the work meeting the relevant requirements of the regulations.
Cited in Replacing Misted Double Glazing: 2026 UK Cost Guide.
- very strong RN-EG3EV2 cited
UK Health Security Agency
UKHSA's published surveillance report for 2020 to 2024 states that the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is not established in the UK and records further isolated detections picked up by its traps.
Cited in Window Screen Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-58G48F cited
Welsh Government
Wales retains Part N, which England revoked in 2013 and folded into Part K, so a note that says 'Part K in England, Part N in Wales' for safety glazing is correct. Current Welsh guidance incorporating September 2013 amendments, published 5 April 2017. Covers glazing in critical locations (below 800 mm from floor level in a window, below 1500 mm in a door or a side panel within 300 mm of a door), safe breakage, manifestation of large glazed areas, and safe opening, closing and cleaning of windows. PDF at gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-05/building-regulations-guidance-part-n-glazing-safety.pdf. Also states that a replacement window opening should give at least the same potential for escape as the one it replaces.
Cited in Grey Coloured Upvc Windows Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- strong RN-XMDL91 cited
British Fenestration Rating Council
The BFRC describes itself as the UK's most trusted and widely recognised rating organisation for verifying the energy performance of windows and doors. Its Window Energy Rating runs on a scale from A++ down to E and combines three measured factors rather than one: solar gain, the heat travelling in through a window, counted positive; thermal transmittance or U-value, the heat loss out of a window, counted negative; and air leakage, the uncontrolled air flow out of a window that causes heat loss, also negative. BFRC makes the point that a rating is more comprehensive proof than a single U-value. This matters because Approved Document L Table 4.2 accepts either a 1.4 W/(m2K) U-value or Window Energy Rating Band B for replacement windows, so a reader can meet the standard by either route.
Cited in Replacing Misted Double Glazing: 2026 UK Cost Guide, Replacing Windows: Process, FENSA & Cost, Windows and Doors: The Complete UK Guide (2026).
- strong RN-ONRM0Q cited
BSI
the standard that sets the maximum gas leakage rate for a sealed insulating glass unit
Cited in Glazing Explained: U-values, Low-E, Argon & Spacers.
- strong RN-PSAEIM cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT. The live edition is BS 3621:2017+A1:2024, published 26 September 2024, superseding BS 3621:2017, BS 3621:2007+A2:2012, BS 3621:2004, BS 3621:1998 and BS 3621:1980. It specifies performance requirements and test methods for a thief resistant, mechanically operated single point lock assembly (including locking plates, fixing screws, fitting instructions, cylinders and protective furniture) incorporating a lock conforming to BS EN 12209:2016, lockable from both sides by key so that only key egress is possible, for doors, window doors and entrance doors. It explicitly excludes keyless egress assemblies, which are covered by BS 8621, and secure no egress modes, covered by BS 10621. Notes that quote BS 3621 as the insurance benchmark for a front door lock should cite the 2017+A1:2024 edition, not the 2007 one. The BSI catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; the full requirements are paywalled.
Cited in Smart Locks & Keyless Entry, Windows and Doors: The Complete UK Guide (2026).
- strong RN-U9PCSG cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT, with no withdrawal date shown despite the 1980 date. BS 4787-1:1980 was published 30 June 1980 and specifies the metric sizes for dimensionally coordinated internal and external wood doorsets, door leaves and frames, that is the work sizes for the doorset as an assembly of fixed frame plus movable leaf with its hardware, with information on glazed openings and ancillary provisions in Appendix A, and it is written to coordinate doors with windows. This is the origin of the standard UK metric door sizes (762 x 1981 mm and its relatives) that a note quotes when telling a reader whether a replacement leaf will fit an existing lining. Note that performance, as distinct from dimensions, comes from other standards: BS EN 14351-1 for external pedestrian doorsets and BS 8214 for timber fire door assemblies. Catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; the size tables are paywalled.
Cited in How Much Paint Do I Need?.
- strong RN-C3NSSX cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
The code of practice behind every balustrade, balcony, landing and decking guard rail, and the standard Approved Document K points to for barrier loadings. Paywalled, so only the BSI catalogue page is public; it confirms the current edition is BS 6180:2011, published 31 March 2011, status Current but Under Review, from BSI committee B/208 and ICS 91.060.99. The catalogue page confirms it is a full revision of the 1999 edition and that the two substantive changes were the inclusion of Table 2, minimum horizontal imposed loads for parapets, barriers and balustrades, and changed rules on deflection at clause 6.4.1, so a note needing barrier load figures should cite Table 2 by name. It covers design, structure, height and strength of barriers in aluminium and copper alloys, concrete, plastic, steel, stone, wood and glass, temporary and permanent, including protective, crash and crush barriers and those imposing a speed limit up to 16 km/h. It expressly does NOT apply to spectator sports areas or buildings, construction sites, or barriers protecting children younger than 24 months.
Cited in Newel Posts, Spindles & Balustrades.
- strong RN-445W51 cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
The accessibility code of practice that Approved Document M sits alongside. Paywalled, so only the catalogue page is public; it confirms BS 8300-2:2018, published 31 January 2018, status Current, and that it is part 2 of a two-part standard, with BS 8300-1:2018 (also published 31 January 2018, also Current) covering the external environment including parking, setting-down points, access routes and approaches to entrances. Part 2 covers external features affecting external access routes, and building interiors including entrances, reception facilities, horizontal and vertical movement and building facilities. Crucially for a home renovation note, the catalogue page states plainly that BS 8300-2 does NOT apply to individual dwellings; its residential scope is nursing, residential and care homes, student accommodation and the COMMON PARTS of blocks of flats. It also confirms the recommendations apply largely to new buildings but can be used to assess and improve existing ones, and that the extent to which they apply to listed and historic buildings is decided case by case.
Cited in Bathroom Storage Solutions, Choosing Paint Colours: A Practical Guide.
- strong RN-VKPEGH cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT (marked Under Review). BS EN 12150-1:2015+A1:2019 was published 31 May 2019 and supersedes BS EN 12150-1:2015, which had itself replaced BS EN 12150-1:2000. It establishes tolerances, flatness, edgework, fragmentation and the physical and mechanical characteristics of monolithic flat thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass for use in buildings. Curved toughened glass is described in Annex A but is not part of the standard, and glass built into laminated or insulating glass units, or coated after toughening, falls under the relevant assembly product standard instead. Part 2 (BS EN 12150-2) covers evaluation of conformity. The catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; the test detail is paywalled.
Cited in Splashbacks: Glass, Tile & Stone Options, Worktop Edges, Upstands & Splashbacks.
- strong RN-OPTOJC cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT. BS EN 12600:2002 was published 9 January 2003 and is the pendulum impact test that classifies flat glass products into three principal classes by performance under impact and by mode of breakage, the classification that Approved Document K uses for critical locations in glazing. The class code is a three part designation of the form Class 1(B)1 or 2(B)2, where the first figure is the drop height passed, the letter the mode of breakage and the last figure the highest class achieved. The stated purpose is increasing personal safety by reducing cutting and piercing injuries and by assessing containment. It does not cover application requirements or durability, and it superseded the old British test BS 6206:1981, which used classes A, B and C, so a note quoting BS 6206 class A glass is quoting a superseded classification. Catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; the test detail is paywalled.
Cited in Rooflights & Skylights: Materials & Types, Windows and Doors: The Complete UK Guide (2026).
- strong RN-BI7QQG cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT. BS EN ISO 12543-2:2021 was published 28 February 2022 and is identical to ISO 12543-2 and EN ISO 12543-2; it supersedes BS EN ISO 12543-2:2011. It sets the performance requirements for laminated safety glass as defined in ISO 12543-1, covering impact behaviour, durability against humidity, high temperature and solar radiation, fire performance, appearance and dimensional specification. This is the part to cite for laminated safety glass, which matters for rooflights and overhead glazing where laminate is required so that a broken pane is retained by the interlayer rather than falling; toughened glass to BS EN 12150-1 fragments instead. The series has six parts: -1 definitions and component parts, -2 laminated safety glass, -3 laminated glass, -4 test methods for durability, -5 dimensions and edge finishing, -6 appearance. Catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; the requirements are paywalled.
- strong RN-1HQ2DH cited
BSI Knowledge
Published 31 October 2018 and current. This is the code of practice Approved Document K leans on for safety glazing. It gives safety recommendations for glass and plastics glazing sheet materials in locations likely to be subject to accidental human impact, covering both vertical and sloping overhead glazing, with the stated aim of reducing impact related injuries and in particular the risk of cutting and piercing injuries. It carries the guidance on general safety considerations, design considerations, impact performance, marking of safety glazing, critical locations, permanent screen protection, manifestation and specialist glazing products. It excludes glazing for furniture and fittings and for commercial and domestic greenhouses. Cite it for why glass below 800 mm in a window, or below 1500 mm in or beside a door, has to be toughened or laminated and permanently marked.
- strong RN-KZ0DNH cited
BSI Knowledge
Published 30 April 2023 in this A1:2021 version and current. It sets the safety requirements and test methods for power operated industrial, commercial and garage doors, gates and barriers intended for installation in areas within reach of people, including vertically moving commercial doors such as rolling shutters and rolling grilles. It addresses all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to power operation both in intended use and under reasonably foreseeable misuse, which is the standard behind force limitation, safety edges and photocell requirements on an automated garage door or driveway gate. Cite this alongside BS EN 13241 whenever a note discusses an electric garage door or an automated gate, since the two do different jobs: 13241 declares performance, 12453 makes it safe to stand near.
Cited in Garden Gate Installation Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- strong RN-J10BX3 cited
BSI Knowledge
Published 30 July 2003, current in the A2:2016 version and marked Under Review. This is the harmonised product standard a garage door or gate must be declared against. It covers industrial and commercial doors and gates for vehicle and goods access, garage doors for domestic and commercial use, commercial rolling shutters and rolling grilles, barriers, and pass doors incorporated within a door leaf, whether manually or power operated. It sets the safety and performance requirements to be declared, but expressly excludes fire resisting and smoke control characteristics, which fall under EN 16034, and excludes operation in electromagnetic environments outside EN 61000-6-3. Cite this for what a garage door's Declaration of Performance covers, and pair it with BS EN 12453 for the safety of a powered door.
Cited in Driveway Gates & Automation.
- strong RN-LUDU9F cited
BSI Knowledge
The current version of PAS 24, published 30 September 2024, superseding PAS 24:2022. It specifies test methods and acceptance criteria for doorsets and windows intended to resist the attacks associated with a casual or opportunistic burglar, covering hinged, sliding, pivot and folding windows and single and double leaf hinged, sliding, pivot and folding doorsets. The A1:2024 amendment was made to keep pace with the changing modus operandi of criminals and to update referenced industry documents. It tests the manufactured product before installation and does not specify materials or installation methods. PAS 24 is the specification behind Approved Document Q in England and Wales, appears at clause 4.13 of the Scottish building standards, and certification to it is one route to meeting the police Secured by Design scheme.
Cited in Industrial Style Windows: Cheaper Alternatives, 2026 Costs, Door Screen Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide, How to Hang an Exterior Door, Window & Door Locks: Security Upgrades and 1 more.
- strong RN-ZQXIVC cited
Certass Limited
The Certass explanation of the boundary of a glazing competent person scheme, which decides whether a homeowner should expect a compliance certificate at all. Registrable work is the replacement of a complete window or door unit, frame and glazing, within the thermal envelope of an existing dwelling. Not registrable: porches and conservatories, installations outside the thermal envelope such as garages and sheds, enlarged openings, new builds and certain extensions, repairs to existing windows, and commercial or local authority housing. The key distinction for a repair note is stated plainly: replacing just the glazing unit or the locking mechanism is a repair and cannot be registered, so only a full frame replacement generates a certificate. Work outside the scheme must go to building control instead. Useful for explaining why a misted unit swap or a lock change produces no FENSA or Certass certificate, and why that is correct rather than a sign of a rogue trader.
Cited in Glazed Extensions: The Complete UK Guide, Replacing Misted Double Glazing: 2026 UK Cost Guide.
- strong RN-4PNR7M cited
Secured by Design
Secured by Design's own description of the scheme: the official police security initiative, owned by the UK Police Service, which accredits products such as doors and locks.
Cited in Front Door Styles & Security.
- strong RN-F8DIKQ cited
Secured by Design (UK Police Service)
The police list of security standards accepted for residential doorsets under Police Preferred Specification. It names PAS 24:2022+A1:2024 as the newest accepted version, with PAS 24:2022 still accepted and PAS 24:2016 accepted only until 31 December 2025, so a door certified to the 2016 version is no longer current. Other accepted routes are STS 201 Issue 14:2021, STS 202 Issue 10:2021 and STS 222 Issue 2:2021 from Warringtonfire, and LPS 1175 Issue 8.2, LPS 1673 Issue 1 and LPS 2081 Issue 1.1 from the LPCB. Useful for dating a supplier's security claim: ask which PAS 24 version and year the certificate quotes.
Cited in Front Door Styles & Security, Window & Door Locks: Security Upgrades, Windows and Doors: The Complete UK Guide (2026).
- strong RN-CROTXV cited
Secured by Design (UK Police Service)
The police Secured by Design page setting out which standards a window must meet for Police Preferred Specification. The primary enhanced security standard is PAS 24:2022+A1:2024, and products must also meet the general performance standards BS 6375-1:2015+A1:2016 for weathertightness, BS 6375-2:2009 for operation and strength and BS 6375-3:2009+A1:2013 for additional performance characteristics. Alternative accepted routes are STS 204, STS 202 and STS 222 published by Warringtonfire Testing and Certification Limited, and the LPCB LPS standards for higher risk premises. For the glass itself the page names BS EN 356:2000, security glazing, testing and classification of resistance against manual attack. Certification must come from an independent UKAS accredited certification body, or an approved body such as Sold Secure or Thatcham.
Cited in Upvc Flush Casement Windows Prices Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- good RN-U54701 cited
Door and Hardware Federation
The DHF is the UK trade association for door, gate and hardware manufacturers and suppliers, under the strapline Raising Standards Advancing Safety. It covers five product areas: locks and building hardware including CE marked and security hardware; doorsets in metal and timber including fire-resisting types; industrial doors and shutters including sectional overhead doors and fire-resisting shutters; domestic garage doors from canopy to roller shutter; and automated gates and barriers including swing gates, sliding gates and access controls. It publishes best practice guides, technical specifications, safety and security resources, conformity marking information, consumer information and competency frameworks, and runs training on fire-resisting doors. Contact is +44 (0) 1827 52337.
Cited in Garage Doors: Types & Cost.
- good RN-ULQ5BP cited
Door and Hardware Federation (dhf)
The dhf page on TS 007, the specification it developed with Secured by Design and the GGF. It sets the two routes to a 3-star door: a 3-star Kitemarked cylinder, or a 1-star cylinder with a 2-star handle.
Cited in How to Change Upvc Door Lock.
- good RN-ABUR2T cited
Glass and Glazing Federation
The GGF's own comparison table, and the best single answer to whether triple glazing is worth it. Table 1 gives typical values with warm edge spacer. Double glazed 28 mm 4-20-4 with one low-E coating: centre pane 1.5 W/m2K air filled or 1.2 argon filled, g-value 0.70 to 0.71, whole window Uw 1.6 giving WER -13 (band C) for air, and Uw 1.3 giving WER +7 (band A) for argon. Triple glazed in the same PVC-U frame: 28 mm 4-8-4-8-4 argon with one low-E gives Ug 1.3, Uw 1.4, WER -9 (band B), which is worse than the argon double unit; with two low-E coatings it gives Ug 1.0, Uw 1.1, WER +2 (band A). 36 mm 4-12-4-12-4 with two low-E gives Ug 0.8, Uw 1.1, WER +22 (A++); 40 mm 4-14-4-14-4 with two low-E gives Ug 0.7, Uw 1.0, WER +29; 44 mm 4-16-4-16-4 with two low-E gives Ug 0.6, Uw 0.9, WER +36 (A++). The document states plainly that with certain double glass unit specifications the whole window U-value may be better than a basic specification triple unit, and that there is no benefit in triple glazing, subject to cavity width, unless two panes of low-E glass are used, with the coatings on surface 3 for double and surfaces 3 and 5 for triple. It also sets out the definitions: Uw whole window to BS EN ISO 10077 parts 1 and 2, Ug centre pane to BS EN 673, g-value to BS EN 410, and notes DSER counts the g-value only where glazing exceeds 60 per cent of the door.
Cited in Glazed Extensions: The Complete UK Guide, Windows and Doors: The Complete UK Guide (2026).