Garden & Landscaping
472 sources in the library on garden & landscaping, 40 on this page cited in a published note. Each one says what the document covers and what it is good for. Name a source to see which document it is and where to read it. One at a time. Page 2 of 12.
- very strong RN-98NSI9 cited
Planning Portal
Planning Portal guidance for England on decking and the Building Regulations. It says the regulations should be assumed to apply to every deck needing planning permission.
Cited in How to Build Decking, How to Protect Your Decking From April Showers.
- very strong RN-EACS2V cited
Planning Portal
The three-part permitted development test for decking and raised platforms, and the source for the 30cm figure that decides whether a deck needs an application. Decking is permitted development providing the decking is no more than 30cm above the ground, that together with other extensions and outbuildings the decking or platforms cover no more than 50 per cent of the garden area, and that no part of the decking or platform is on land forward of a wall forming the principal elevation. Additional restrictions apply in protected areas and within the curtilage of a listed building. Note that the 30cm limit is a separate test from the raised platform exclusion in GPDO Class E paragraph E.1(h), which bars any verandah, balcony or raised platform from the outbuildings class entirely.
Cited in Azek Decking Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-I5208U cited
Planning Portal
Planning Portal guidance for England on decking. It says decking is permitted development only if it is no more than 30 cm above the ground and meets the other listed conditions.
Cited in How To Maximise Small Garden Space, How to Protect Your Decking From April Showers.
- very strong RN-N80QRQ cited
Planning Portal
The Planning Portal's homeowner summary of GPDO Schedule 2 Part 2 Class A. No permission needed where the structure does not exceed one metre in height from ground level next to a highway, or two metres in height elsewhere, and where an existing structure's height is not increased beyond those limits. Permission IS needed where the site is a listed building or within its curtilage, or where the boundary involves a neighbouring listed building or its curtilage. Notes that in a conservation area you might need permission to TAKE DOWN a fence, wall or gate, which is the reverse of what most readers expect. Also notes the right can be removed by an article four direction or a planning condition. Ends with the standard caveat that this is introductory guidance and the local planning authority should be checked.
Cited in Driveway Gates & Automation, Fencing Cost & Types: A UK Guide, Garden Gate Installation Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide, How to Cut Plastic Lattice Fencing and 1 more.
- very strong RN-N6PTOI cited
Planning Portal
The 5 square metre driveway rule stated in the exact terms a note should use. Planning permission is not needed if a new or replacement driveway of any size uses permeable or porous surfacing that allows water to drain through, such as gravel, permeable concrete block paving or porous asphalt, or if the rainwater is directed to a lawn or border to drain naturally. If the surface to be covered is more than 5 square metres, planning permission will be needed for laying traditional impermeable driveways that do not provide for water to run to a permeable area. Driving over a pavement onto the property needs a dropped kerb, which is a lowered sloping access point applied for separately from the local authority and is not covered by the paving rules. The rules apply to houses only, not to flats, maisonettes or converted properties.
Cited in Crazy Paving Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide, Patio Cost & Materials: Paving, Porcelain & Stone.
- very strong RN-I90CMF cited
Police Service of Northern Ireland
Police crime-prevention advice on bike theft. It recommends securing bikes in a shed to a shed shackle or a ground anchor fixed to the base with a security-rated lock.
Cited in Bin & Bike Storage Ideas.
- very strong RN-58KCPC cited
Rural Payments Agency and Defra (GOV.UK)
Statutory cutting and trimming ban under the Management of Hedgerows (England) Regulations 2024, in force 23 May 2024: you must not cut or trim a covered hedgerow between 1 March and 31 August, and must not cause or permit another person to. Covered hedgerows are those more than 20 m long (gaps of 20 m or less ignored) or under 20 m but meeting another hedgerow at each end, growing on or next to agricultural land including horticulture, fruit growing, dairy, livestock breeding, grazing and meadow. Hedgerows within the curtilage of a dwelling house, or marking a garden boundary, are excluded, so domestic garden hedges are outside the rules. Exemptions cover overhanging or dangerous hedges on rights of way, hedge-laying and coppicing in March and April, plant or animal health risks, pest or weed infestation, statutory undertakers, oilseed rape or temporary grass sowing with RPA notification, and RPA derogations. Also sets the 2 m buffer strip rules.
Cited in Hedge Trimming Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-X5LNCY cited
Scottish Government (mygov.scot)
The Scottish permitted development limits for garden buildings, which differ from the English Class E rules a UK-wide note usually quotes. In Scotland a shed, garage, greenhouse or similar building is permitted development if it is at the back of the house; it and any other development do not take up half or more of the rear curtilage; it is not used as a separate home; it is no higher than 4 metres at the highest point; any part a metre or less from the boundary is no higher than 2.5 metres; and the eaves are no higher than 3 metres. Tighter caps apply on designated land: a footprint of no more than 4 square metres in the grounds of a listed building, and no more than 8 square metres in a conservation area. Smaller storage such as a bike store has its own rules: front or back of the house, no higher than 1.5 metres, no wider than 2.5 metres, no deeper than 1.2 metres, not on a World Heritage site, the only such building in the grounds, not blocking a driver's sight of a road or footpath and not blocking light to another building. The guidance applies only where the home is a dwellinghouse not used for business.
Cited in Plastic Shed Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-WNYKVA cited
The National Archives
Section 66 of the 2003 Act defines a high hedge for Part 8 complaints: a line of two or more evergreen or semi-evergreen trees or shrubs over two metres tall.
Cited in How to Make Your Garden More Private, Planting Borders & Hedging.
- very strong RN-N61Y2H cited
The National Archives
Section 282 empowers a highway authority to carry out works on its land or highways to mitigate the adverse effect of a highway on its surroundings.
- very strong RN-DM9ZVH cited
The National Archives
Section 60(1): the boundary of a registered estate as shown for the purposes of the register is a GENERAL BOUNDARY unless shown as determined under this section. Section 60(2): a general boundary does not determine the exact line of the boundary. Section 60(3) allows rules to set the circumstances, method and application procedure for determining an exact boundary and for registering it; section 60(4) requires those applications to be made to the registrar. This is the statutory basis for saying a Land Registry title plan cannot settle a fence line or fence ownership, which matters in fencing, hedge, extension and boundary dispute notes.
Cited in Fencing Cost & Types: A UK Guide.
- very strong RN-6QJL4E cited
The National Archives
Section 1 of the 1984 Act sets the occupier's duty to people other than visitors, and subsection 5 says the duty may be discharged by reasonable steps to give warning.
Cited in Security Fence Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-WCPBZS cited
The National Archives
Entry 31 of the REACH restrictions annex, as retained in Great Britain, bars creosote-treated wood from gardens with frequent skin contact and from containers intended for growing purposes.
Cited in Raised Beds & Planters: Build & Cost.
- very strong RN-QYECQR cited
The National Archives
The contents of the Northern Ireland permitted development order, whose Part 1 sets permitted development within the curtilage of a house.
Cited in Carport Cost & Planning Guide (2026).
- very strong RN-B3EWHK cited
The National Archives
The national permitted development right for boundary enclosures, and the answer to the very common error of treating fence height as a council rule. Class A permits the erection, construction, maintenance, improvement or alteration of a gate, fence, wall or other means of enclosure. A.1 exclusions: (a) adjacent to a HIGHWAY USED BY VEHICULAR TRAFFIC the height must not exceed 1 metre above ground level, except at a school where 2 metres is allowed provided any part above 1 metre does not obstruct highway users' sightlines; (b) anywhere else 2 metres above ground level; (c) where an existing enclosure is maintained, improved or altered its height must not exceed its former height or the (a)/(b) limit, whichever is the greater, so an existing over-height fence may be kept at that height but not raised; (d) development is NOT permitted within the curtilage of, or to a boundary of, a listed building. The 'used by vehicular traffic' qualifier is routinely dropped from consumer guidance, which wrongly applies the 1 metre limit to a boundary onto a footpath.
Cited in Chain Link Fence Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide, Driveway Gates & Automation, Fencing Cost & Types: A UK Guide, Garden Gate Installation Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide and 8 more.
- very strong RN-U70G2Q cited
The National Archives
The explanatory note to the 2011 Scottish amendment order, which replaced householder permitted development in Scotland and put ancillary buildings in Class 3A.
Cited in Carport Cost & Planning Guide (2026).
- very strong RN-R96F49 cited
The National Archives
Section 76 of the Water Industry Act 1991, the statutory power a water company uses to impose what the public calls a hosepipe ban. It settles that the power belongs to each undertaker rather than to central government, that it applies only where the undertaker thinks it faces a serious shortage, and that a prohibition must specify the area it covers, which may be all or part of that undertaker's area. That is why restrictions and their exemptions differ between water companies.
Cited in Garden Irrigation Systems, Laying a New Lawn: Turf vs Seed.
- very strong RN-7NCOBP cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
The route when a neighbour refuses access needed to maintain a boundary wall, fence, drain or hedge - the general law, as distinct from the Party Wall etc. Act 1996 which only covers party structures and line-of-junction work. Section 1 lets a person apply to the court for an access order where works are reasonably necessary for the preservation of the whole or part of their own (dominant) land, and entry onto the adjoining (servient) land is necessary, or would substantially reduce the difficulty of doing them, and consent has been refused. Subsection (4) lists 'basic preservation works', which are automatically treated as reasonably necessary: maintenance, repair or renewal of any part of a building or other structure; clearance, repair or renewal of any drain, sewer, pipe or cable; treatment, cutting back, felling, removal or replacement of any hedge, tree, shrub or other growing thing which is damaged, diseased, dangerous or dead; and the filling in or clearance of any ditch. The court must refuse the order where the respondent or another person would suffer interference with or disturbance of their use or enjoyment of the servient land, or hardship, to such a degree that making the order would be unreasonable. Terms and conditions, including compensation, are set under section 2.
Cited in Roof Replacement: Signs You Need One & What's Involved.
- very strong RN-43Q4DG cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
The definitive list of what counts as a statutory nuisance in England and Wales, which is the legal hook for most neighbour and building-work complaints. Section 79(1) names, among others: (a) any premises in such a state as to be prejudicial to health or a nuisance, which is the route used against damp and disrepair; (b) smoke emitted from premises; (c) fumes or gases emitted from premises; (d) dust, steam, smell or other effluvia arising on industrial, trade or business premises; (e) any accumulation or deposit; (fb) artificial light emitted from premises, which covers security lighting; (g) noise emitted from premises; and (ga) noise from a vehicle, machinery or equipment in a street. Each limb requires the matter to be prejudicial to health or a nuisance. Section 79(1) also places a duty on every local authority to inspect its area for statutory nuisances and, where a person living in its area complains, to take such steps as are reasonably practicable to investigate. Section 79(1A) excludes matters caused by land being in a contaminated state, and section 79(2) excludes Crown defence premises from the smoke, artificial light and noise limbs.
Cited in Security Lighting & PIR Sensors.
- very strong RN-6NI2TZ cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Scotland's equivalent of Part 8 of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003, and the definition a complaint stands or falls on. A high hedge is a hedge that is formed wholly or mainly by a row of two or more trees or shrubs, rises to a height of more than 2 metres above ground level, and forms a barrier to light. A hedge is not to be regarded as forming a barrier to light if it has gaps which significantly reduce its overall effect as a barrier at heights of more than 2 metres. No account is to be taken of the roots of a high hedge, so root damage and encroachment are outside this regime and remain a common-law nuisance matter. Section 1 came into force on 1 April 2014. Note the difference from the English and Northern Irish tests: Scotland's definition is not restricted to evergreens or semi-evergreens, so a deciduous row can qualify. The application fee is set locally under section 4 and a high hedge notice is served under section 8.
Cited in Hedge Trimming Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-6FHWFO cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
The Northern Irish high hedge test. A high hedge means so much of a barrier to light as is formed wholly or predominantly by a line of two or more evergreens and rises to a height of more than two metres above ground level. Evergreen means an evergreen tree or shrub or a semi-evergreen tree or shrub. A line of evergreens is not to be regarded as forming a barrier to light if the existence of gaps significantly affects its overall effect as such a barrier at heights of more than two metres. The Act does not apply to trees growing on land which is a forest or woodland of 0.2 hectares or more. Section 2 came into operation on 31 March 2012. Complaints go to the district council under section 3, with a fee under section 4, a remedial notice under section 5, an appeal under section 7, powers of entry under section 9, an offence for non-compliance under section 10 and council works in default under section 12.
Cited in Hedge Trimming Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-68NVGV cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Section 131 of the Highways Act 1980 makes specified damage to a highway, such as excavating a carriageway or removing soil or turf, an offence punishable by a level 3 fine.
- very strong RN-JXUGP4 cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
The source for why a skip on the road needs a council permit while a skip on your own driveway does not. Section 139 makes it unlawful to deposit a builder's skip on a highway without the permission of the highway authority, and that permission names the highway and may attach conditions on the siting of the skip, its dimensions, the painting of the skip for visibility, the care and disposal of its contents, its lighting and guarding, and its removal at the end of the period. The owner must keep the skip properly lighted during the hours of darkness, clearly and indelibly marked with the owner's name and telephone number or address, and remove it as soon as practicable after it has been filled. Breach carries a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale, with a defence where the breach was due to the act or default of another person and the owner took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence. A builder's skip is defined as a container designed to be carried on a road vehicle for storing materials or disposing of rubble and waste.
Cited in Keeping Neighbours Onside During Building Work, Loft Conversion Cost by London Borough, Skip Hire Costs & Sizes.
- very strong RN-WBD9SM cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Section 163 of the Highways Act 1980, which lets the authority serve notice on an occupier to prevent surface water from the premises flowing onto the footway.
- very strong RN-8KXE9K cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
The section that catches a garden wall built on or up to the boundary, which most homeowners assume the Party Wall Act does not reach. Section 1 applies where lands of different owners adjoin and are either not built on at the line of junction, or are built on only to the extent of a boundary wall that is not a party fence wall or the external wall of a building, and either owner is about to build on any part of the line of junction. Section 1(2) requires a building owner who wants to build a party wall or party fence wall on the line of junction to serve notice on the adjoining owner at least one month before the work is intended to start, describing the intended wall. If the adjoining owner consents under section 1(3), the wall is built half on each owner's land or as otherwise agreed and the cost is shared; the section extends to England and Wales only.
Cited in Building Regulations Explained for Homeowners, Cost to Underpin a House, House Extension Design Ideas, Loft Conversion Mistakes to Avoid and 5 more.
- very strong RN-VIUSFU cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Section 56 of the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984, which forbids works in or excavation under a public road without the roads authority's written consent, the Scottish basis for dropped kerb permission.
- very strong RN-HKF8YQ cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Regulation 2 of the Bathing Water Regulations 2013 defines a bathing water as an area of surface water formally identified under regulation 3, so private ponds are outside the regime.
Cited in Swimming Pond Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-3PNB0T cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
The functional requirements themselves, as distinct from the Approved Documents that give one way of meeting them. Part H, drainage and waste disposal, is the operative part for external works. H1 requires an adequate system of drainage to carry foul water from appliances to a public sewer, private sewer, treatment system or cesspool, in that order of priority. H2 covers wastewater treatment systems and cesspools: siting and construction to avoid health hazards and water contamination, adequate access for emptying and maintenance, sufficient capacity, impermeability, ventilation and a durable notice to the owner about maintenance. H3 is the one that governs patios and driveways: adequate provision shall be made for rainwater to be carried from the roof of the building, and paved areas shall be adequately drained, with discharge to a soakaway or other infiltration system, then a watercourse, then a sewer, in that order of priority - the requirement biting on paved areas that provide access to the building or to waste storage. H4 prohibits building work over an existing sewer that would damage it or obstruct maintenance access. H5 requires surface water and foul drainage to be kept separate where reasonably practicable. H6 covers solid waste storage. Part K covers protection from falling, collision and impact; Part M covers access, with the three dwelling categories.
Cited in Building Regulations Explained for Homeowners, Cost of a New Bathroom (Full Breakdown), Door Screen Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide, Hot Water Cylinders: Vented vs Unvented and 1 more.
- very strong RN-T67JO7 cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Class 6, small detached buildings, is the source of the 15 m2 and 30 m2 figures that renovation copy routinely misattributes to permitted development. A detached single-storey building with a floor area not exceeding 30 m2 containing no sleeping accommodation is exempt from the Building Regulations where no point of it is less than one metre from the boundary of its curtilage, or where it is constructed substantially of non-combustible material. Separately, a detached building with a floor area not exceeding 15 m2 containing no sleeping accommodation is exempt regardless of its position relative to the boundary. Sleeping accommodation defeats both. Schedule 2 also covers Classes 1 to 7 including greenhouses, agricultural buildings, temporary buildings, ancillary buildings and small conservatories and porches.
Cited in Garage Extension Cost & Ideas (2026), Home Dance Studio Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-LY0JDI cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
SI 2003/1511. Regulation 5(1) prohibits the sale of a dangerous substance or preparation to a consumer. Regulation 6(1) prohibits the use of second-hand creosote-treated wood inside any building, in toys, in playgrounds, in parks, gardens and outdoor recreational and leisure facilities where there is a risk of frequent skin contact, in the manufacture of garden furniture, and in containers or packaging for food or animal feed. The restrictions do not apply to wood already in use before the Regulations took effect. This is the precise authority for what a reader may and may not do with reclaimed creosoted railway sleepers in a garden, and is more accurate than the common shorthand that creosote is simply banned.
Cited in Garden & Retaining Walls: Cost & Build.
- very strong RN-M7U3G0 cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Regulation 3 of the Hedgerows Regulations 1997, which excludes hedgerows in or bounding the curtilage of a dwelling-house from the removal controls.
Cited in Planting Borders & Hedging.
- very strong RN-7I6791 cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Regulation 3 sets which hedgerows the Regulations bite on: a hedgerow on or adjoining common land, protected land, or land used for agriculture, forestry or the breeding or keeping of horses, ponies or donkeys, where it has a continuous length of 20 metres or more, or is under 20 m and meets another hedgerow at each end. Any gap not exceeding 20 metres is treated as part of the hedgerow when measuring. The key exclusion for domestic readers: the Regulations do not apply to any hedgerow within the curtilage of, or marking a boundary of the curtilage of, a dwelling-house. The 30-year age test sits in regulation 4 and Schedule 1 as one limb of the separate 'important hedgerow' criteria, not in the application test.
Cited in Hedge Trimming Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-KTNXDU cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Regulation 4 of the Hedgerows Regulations 1997 as made; it sets the test for an important hedgerow, which must have existed for 30 years or more and meet a Schedule 1 criterion.
Cited in Hedge Trimming Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-J6L7TI cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
The primary legal text for garden rooms, sheds, summerhouses, pergolas, greenhouses and outdoor pools. Class E permits any building or enclosure, swimming or other pool within the curtilage required for a purpose incidental to the enjoyment of the dwellinghouse, plus a domestic heating oil container. Limitations: E.1(b) buildings, enclosures and containers other than the original dwellinghouse must not cover more than 50% of the curtilage; E.1(c) nothing forward of a wall forming the principal elevation of the original dwellinghouse; E.1(d) single storey only; E.1(e) maximum height 4 metres with a dual-pitched roof, 2.5 metres if any part is within 2 metres of a curtilage boundary, otherwise 3 metres; E.1(f) eaves no higher than 2.5 metres; E.1(g) not within the curtilage of a listed building; E.1(h) no verandah, balcony or raised platform; E.1(j) oil containers capped at 3,500 litres. E.4 defines incidental use as including keeping poultry, bees, pet animals, birds or other livestock for domestic needs or personal enjoyment, which is why a garden room used as a separate dwelling falls outside Class E.
Cited in Annexe & Granny Flat: Cost, Planning & Rules, Bin & Bike Storage Ideas, Build Garage Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide, Carport Cost & Planning Guide (2026) and 29 more.
- very strong RN-N6BUF2 cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
The permitted development right for forming a new vehicular or pedestrian access, and the reason so many new driveways need a planning application. Class B permits the formation, laying out and construction of a means of access to a highway which is not a trunk road or a classified road, where that access is required in connection with development permitted by any Class in Schedule 2 other than by Class A of Part 2. Two consequences follow. First, an access onto a classified road (an A, B or C road) is never permitted development, so a full planning application is required however modest the driveway. Second, the access must be tied to some other permitted development - it is not a free-standing right to create a crossing - and expressly cannot be justified by Class A of Part 2, the gates, fences and walls class. This planning right is separate from, and additional to, the vehicle crossing licence needed under Highways Act 1980 section 184 to cross the footway or verge.
Cited in Driveway Cost & Materials: Block Paving, Resin & Gravel, Dropped Kerbs: Cost, Rules & How to Apply.
- very strong RN-29CES1 cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Regulation 5 of the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999: the work that must be notified to the water undertaker, and consented, before it begins, including large baths, pumps drawing over 12 litres a minute from a supply pipe, reverse osmosis and water treatment units, automatic garden watering systems and deep or shallow external pipework.
Cited in Garden Irrigation Systems, Hot Water Options for Your Home, Rainwater Harvesting Systems.
- very strong RN-M0RXVO cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Defines 'work at height' as (a) work in any place, including a place at or below ground level, and (b) obtaining access to or egress from such a place while at work, except by a staircase in a permanent workplace, where, if measures required by these Regulations were not taken, a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury. No minimum height is stated anywhere in the definition, which is the authority for killing the common '2 metre rule' claim in trade and garden-maintenance copy. Also defines fragile surface, personal fall protection system, working platform and suitable and sufficient.
Cited in Hedge Trimming Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- very strong RN-PS0WRU cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
The statutory right that decides whether garden or driveway surface water can go to the sewer at all. Subsection (1) gives the owner or occupier of premises, and the owner of a private sewer, the right to have their drain or sewer communicate with the public sewer and to discharge foul water and surface water, subject to the section. Subsection (4) lets the sewerage undertaker refuse within 21 days of notice where the drain or sewer does not satisfy the standards reasonably required by the undertaker, or where the communication would be prejudicial to the undertaker's sewerage system. Subsection (2) prohibits connections that would allow discharge of liquid from a factory (other than domestic sewage or surface or storm water), any liquid whose discharge is prohibited by an enactment, foul water into a surface-water sewer or (without approval) surface water into a foul sewer, and any direct connection into a storm-water overflow sewer. The undertaker may require the lateral drain to vest under section 102. Disputes about the reasonableness of a refusal or requirement are determined by the Authority under section 30A.
Cited in Driveway Cost & Materials: Block Paving, Resin & Gravel, Extension Building Regulations: Homeowner Guide, Garden Drainage & Soakaways Explained, Outdoor Shower Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide and 1 more.
- very strong RN-N4DTB4 cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk)
Section 109 of the Water Industry Act 1991. Connecting a drain to a public sewer in breach of section 106, or before the notice period ends, is an offence punishable by a fine.
Cited in Garden Drainage & Soakaways Explained.
- very strong RN-XHATOQ cited
The National Archives (legislation.gov.uk), Scottish Statutory Instruments
SCOTLAND, latest revised version with no outstanding effects, and several of these contradict England. Type 20 makes a door, window or rooflight warrant-exempt EVEN WHERE THE FRAME IS REPLACED, so a Scottish window replacement needs no building warrant and no FENSA or Certass notification, unlike England where replacing a window is notifiable building work; it must still meet the regulations, including the 1.4 W/m2K or WER Band B standard. Type 19 exempts open raised external decking unless it is at a height of more than 1.2 metres. Type 21 exempts a paved area or hardstanding unless it exceeds 200 SQUARE METRES or forms part of a required access, a far more generous threshold than England's 5 square metre front garden rule. Type 22 exempts extra-low voltage electrical installations not exceeding 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC. Type 24 exempts like-for-like replacement of fittings including sanitary facilities, rainwater gutters and downpipes, solid fuel appliances, electrical fixtures, ventilation fans and kitchen fitments, but expressly NOT doors, windows or rooflights, nor oil or gas fired boilers. Type 25 exempts like-for-like replacement of flooring, lining, cladding, covering or rendering internally or externally. All are conditional on the work meeting the relevant requirements of the regulations.
Cited in Replacing Misted Double Glazing: 2026 UK Cost Guide.