Repairs & Maintenance
195 sources in the library on repairs & maintenance, 40 on this page cited in a published note. Each one says what the document covers and what it is good for. Name a source to see which document it is and where to read it. One at a time. Page 2 of 5.
- strong RN-9DKPYO cited
BRE Group
BRE's guidance on its crack damage categories. It treats cracks up to 5 mm as aesthetic, categories 3 and 4 as serviceability and category 5 as stability issues.
Cited in Fixing Blown or Cracked Plaster.
- strong RN-JJCK5N cited
BSI
STATUS: CURRENT. BS 6576:2005+A1:2012, published 16 November 2005 with the A1 amendment in 2012, is the code of practice for diagnosing rising damp in walls of existing buildings and for installing chemical damp-proof courses. It covers chemical treatment of rising damp in solid walls, cavity walls (unfilled or filled) and random rubble-filled walls, and sets out the essential precautions and procedures for installing a chemical DPC. It excludes walls where treatment is inappropriate, such as stud walls, and walls below ground or under hydrostatic pressure, which go to BS 8102. This is the standard to cite for an injected DPC: BS 8215:1991, the code usually quoted, expressly does not cover the installation of chemical DPCs and points here instead.
Cited in Efflorescence & White Staining on Brick.
- strong RN-PSAEIM cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT. The live edition is BS 3621:2017+A1:2024, published 26 September 2024, superseding BS 3621:2017, BS 3621:2007+A2:2012, BS 3621:2004, BS 3621:1998 and BS 3621:1980. It specifies performance requirements and test methods for a thief resistant, mechanically operated single point lock assembly (including locking plates, fixing screws, fitting instructions, cylinders and protective furniture) incorporating a lock conforming to BS EN 12209:2016, lockable from both sides by key so that only key egress is possible, for doors, window doors and entrance doors. It explicitly excludes keyless egress assemblies, which are covered by BS 8621, and secure no egress modes, covered by BS 10621. Notes that quote BS 3621 as the insurance benchmark for a front door lock should cite the 2017+A1:2024 edition, not the 2007 one. The BSI catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; the full requirements are paywalled.
Cited in Smart Locks & Keyless Entry, Windows and Doors: The Complete UK Guide (2026).
- strong RN-YA3KJC cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: WITHDRAWN on 1 July 2007. BS 3921:1985 was published 29 November 1985 and was the British product specification for clay bricks, including the familiar classes such as engineering brick Class A and Class B and the frost resistance and soluble salt designations that UK brick notes still repeat. It was superseded by the harmonised European product standard BS EN 771-1, Specification for masonry units. Clay masonry units, after which BS EN 771-1 became the sole product standard for clay bricks in the UK; the associated test methods moved to the BS EN 772 series. Any note that specifies bricks to BS 3921 is naming a standard withdrawn nearly twenty years ago and should cite BS EN 771-1 instead. The catalogue page confirms number, title, publication date and withdrawal date but does not name the superseding standard.
Cited in Structural Materials: The Complete Guide.
- strong RN-604BXB cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: WITHDRAWN on 21 September 2018. BS 5080-1:1993 was published 15 February 1993 and gave the method of test for tensile loading of structural fixings in concrete and masonry, that is the pull out test used to prove wall anchors, remedial wall ties and similar fastenings on site. Its companion BS 5080-2:1986 covered resistance to loading in shear. Because it is withdrawn, a note that specifies pull out testing of remedial wall ties to BS 5080 is quoting a dead standard; current practice for anchor qualification sits with the European Assessment Documents and BS EN 1992-4:2018, Eurocode 2 design of fastenings for use in concrete, with site proof loading commonly to a manufacturer or third party protocol. Catalogue page confirms number, title, publication date, withdrawal date and scope but does not name a replacement.
- strong RN-LOZAWU cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT, and unusually for a 1984 standard the BSI catalogue page shows no withdrawal date. BS 6515:1984 was published 28 September 1984 and specifies polyethylene sheet used as a damp proof course in masonry, covering material composition, specimen preparation, permeability measurement and the test procedures for the impermeable sheet. It is the product standard behind the black polythene DPC roll sold by every builders merchant, and it sits alongside BS 8215:1991, the code of practice for design and installation of damp proof courses in masonry construction, and BS 6576 for chemical DPCs in existing walls. Note the distinction a note should keep: BS 6515 is a damp proof COURSE in a wall, not a damp proof MEMBRANE under a floor slab, which is a different product covered by BS 8102 and the gas and moisture membrane standards. Catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; requirements are paywalled.
Cited in Builders' Merchants Explained: How They Work & How to Buy, Damp Proof Membranes (DPM) & DPC: Types & Installation.
- strong RN-IKHYR0 cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
The residential fire safety code of practice that professionals use as the alternative to the Approved Document B route, described by BSI as the UK most widely used fire safety standard. Paywalled, so only the catalogue page is public; it confirms the current edition is BS 9991:2024, page-dated 24 September 2025, status Current, and that it superseded BS 9991:2015, which was withdrawn on 21 November 2024, which in turn superseded BS 9991:2011, withdrawn 31 October 2015. Scope for the 2024 edition covers dwellings (single-family houses, self-contained flats or maisonettes), blocks of flats, residential accommodation blocks with individual bedrooms and kitchen or sanitary facilities, specialized housing and care homes. Care homes are new to the 2024 scope: the 2011 edition expressly excluded residential care and nursing homes. The earlier editions confirm the standard applies not only to new buildings but to material alterations, extensions and material changes of use of an existing building, which is why it is cited on loft conversions and flat conversions, and that it complements BS 9999, the equivalent code for non-residential buildings. The 2015 edition renamed sheltered and extra care housing as specialized housing and added expanded recommendations for escape from basements, lifts, power supplies, cluster accommodation and management of additional needs and disabilities.
Cited in PIR vs Mineral Wool Insulation Compared.
- strong RN-2FH5S1 cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT. BS EN 13956:2012 was published 31 January 2013, is identical to EN 13956:2012 and supersedes BS EN 13956:2005. It gives the definitions and characteristics for plastic and rubber sheets used for roof waterproofing, specifying the requirements and test methods and providing for evaluation of conformity, with thermoplastic rubber blends and alloys covered and typical materials and applications set out in Annex E. This is the harmonised product standard behind single ply flat roof membranes such as EPDM, TPO and PVC, so it is what a note should cite when it says a single ply membrane is CE or UKCA marked, as distinct from BS EN 13707 for reinforced bitumen membranes and BS 6229 for the design of flat roofs with continuously supported coverings. Catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; the characteristic tables are paywalled.
Cited in Flat Roof Materials: EPDM vs GRP vs Felt.
- strong RN-3TAWNC cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT. BS EN 215:2019 was published 30 September 2019, is identical to EN 215 and supersedes BS EN 215:2004; it also replaces the older British specification BS 6284:1983. It covers thermostatic radiator valves for wet central heating systems, specifically two port and integrated thermostatic valves with or without pre setting, rated for water up to 120 degrees C and nominal pressure PN 10 or lower. It gives definitions, performance requirements and test methods, plus dimensions, permitted materials and connection specifications for four series of straight and angle pattern valves, with tests for thermal performance, flow rate and endurance. This is the standard to cite when a note says a TRV must be to BS EN 215, and the reason a TRV should not be fitted in the same room as the room thermostat. Catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; the test detail is paywalled.
- strong RN-DJJNP5 cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT (marked Under Review). BS EN 350:2016 was published 31 October 2016, identical to EN 350:2016, ISBN 978 0 580 87895 4, committee B/515. It replaced the two part BS EN 350-1:1994 (principles of testing and classification of natural durability) and BS EN 350-2:1994 (natural durability and treatability of selected European wood species), so a note citing BS EN 350-1 or BS EN 350-2 is citing superseded parts. It gives the methods for determining and classifying the durability of wood and wood based materials against biological wood destroying agents: wood decay fungi, beetles, termites and marine organisms, and it applies to individual wood species, batches, and processed materials including heat treated, preservative treated and modified wood. This is the standard behind the durability class rating quoted for cladding and decking species such as western red cedar, oak and larch. Catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; the species tables are paywalled.
- strong RN-XS4XXQ cited
BSI (British Standards Institution)
STATUS: CURRENT (marked Under Review). BS EN 413-1:2011 was published 30 June 2011 and supersedes BS EN 413-1:2004, which is withdrawn. It defines the composition and specifications of masonry cement, the cement made specifically for mortar for bricklaying, blocklaying, rendering and plastering, which contains air entraining additives to improve workability and frost resistance after hydration. It sets physical, mechanical and chemical requirements, defines strength classes (the 2011 edition introduced the air entrained class MC 22.5) and gives the conformity criteria. This is the standard to cite when a note distinguishes masonry cement from ordinary Portland cement to BS EN 197-1: they are different products with different standards, and masonry cement should not be dosed with extra plasticiser as if it were OPC. Part 2 (BS EN 413-2:2016) gives the test methods. Catalogue page confirms number, title, date, status and scope; requirements tables are paywalled.
Cited in Cement Types Explained: OPC, Rapid-Set, SR & Masonry.
- strong RN-GCH26L cited
CIGA
CIGA's home page, stating it provides independent 25-year guarantees for cavity wall insulation fitted by registered installers.
Cited in Cavity Wall Insulation Materials Compared, Cavity Wall Tie Failure: Signs & Repair, DPC Injection vs Membrane for Rising Damp, Wall Insulation Materials: Cavity, Internal & External.
- strong RN-1J5VD4 cited
FENSA (Fenestration Self-Assessment Scheme)
The competent person scheme that certifies replacement glazing without a building control application, and the certificate a conveyancer will ask for. FENSA covers the replacement of external windows, doors, roof windows and roof lights in the home against the relevant Building Regulations. The certificate confirms compliance with building regulations, shows the installation is energy efficient, ensures the work is registered with the local council, and verifies that the installer's guarantee is insured. It is described as essential when selling the property, which is the practical reason a note should tell readers to keep it. Homeowners who cannot find the original paperwork are directed to contact FENSA. Note the scope limit: FENSA is for replacement work in existing openings, so a new opening or a structural alteration still needs building control.
Cited in Insurance-Backed Guarantees for Building Work Explained, Replacing Misted Double Glazing: 2026 UK Cost Guide, Replacing Windows: Process, FENSA & Cost, Upvc Flush Casement Windows Prices Cost: 2026 UK Price Guide.
- strong RN-6ONV2O cited
NHBC
NHBC guidance for owners of new homes. It explains that mortar, plaster and concrete shrink as they dry, causing minor cracks that are usually of constant width and under 2 mm.
Cited in Cracks in Walls: When to Worry.
- strong RN-25YUC4 cited
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
The RICS professional statement that defines the three survey levels a homebuyer is offered, and the standard a note should cite instead of describing surveys loosely. Page updated 17 June 2026. The 1st edition was published in 2019 and became effective in 2021; it sets mandatory requirements for RICS members and regulated firms in the UK delivering residential property surveys, and it replaced and harmonised the earlier RICS residential survey publications. It defines four report products, RICS Home Survey Level 1, Level 2 (survey only), Level 2 (survey and valuation) and Level 3, and a member needs a Home Surveys Licence to produce any of them. The old report formats were permitted only during a transition period from 1 March to 31 August 2021, and the new reports have been mandatory since 1 September 2021. The standard is currently under review: a public consultation on a 2nd edition ran from 19 August to 14 October 2025, informed by a survey of 325 members and a UK consumer survey of over 1,400 homeowners, with proposed changes covering AI and drone or camera-pole technology, greater clarity on survey levels, optional valuation at all levels, guidance for additional risk dwellings, and retrofit assessments. RICS states members should continue to use the 1st edition until the 2nd edition takes full effect, so any note dating the change should say the 2nd edition is not yet in force.
- strong RN-3UXQIL cited
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
The RICS scope table for a Level 1 survey, useful for a note explaining why the cheapest survey misses things. A Level 1 is a visual inspection less extensive than Level 2 or 3, with no tests of building fabric or services, no detailed advice on repairs, and RICS states it is better suited to conventionally built, modern dwellings in satisfactory condition. Concretely: windows are opened at a minimum of one on each elevation; in the roof space the member will NOT remove secured access panels or lift insulation, stored goods or other contents, and inspects only what can be seen from the access hatch; floors are inspected at the surface only with no lifting of carpets, floor coverings or floorboards, no moving of furniture and no hatch lifting or inverted head and shoulders inspection, although a heel-drop deflection test is still done; and inspection chamber covers to drains and septic tanks are NOT lifted. RICS advises the client to consider upgrading to Level 2 or 3 before the service is undertaken if more detailed advice is needed.
- strong RN-098KFI cited
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
The RICS scope table for a Level 3 survey, which lets a note say exactly what the surveyor will and will not do rather than repeating marketing copy. For every level, the member inspects roof space no more than three metres above floor level using a ladder where safe and reasonable. At Level 3 specifically the member enters the roof space and visually inspects the roof structure, lifts small corners of thermal insulation to identify its thickness and type and the nature of the ceiling below, and repositions a small number of lightweight possessions where permission is given; attempts to open all windows where permission, keys and safety allow; lifts the corners of loose and unfitted floor coverings and assesses all floors for excessive deflection by a heel-drop test, carrying out an inverted head and shoulders subfloor inspection and entering the underfloor area where safe; lifts accessible inspection chamber covers to drains and septic tanks and observes the drains in normal use; visually inspects all visible parts of the service systems, operating a sample of lights and extractor fans and asking the occupier to operate the heating; and performs a comprehensive inspection of the grounds. Services are never tested, only observed in normal operation, and the member does not perform or comment on design calculations. Appendices A and B of the Home Survey Standard are the benchmark tables the levels are built from.
- strong RN-BNGAID cited
United Kingdom Accreditation Service
The live UKAS register of accredited bodies currently under sanction. It records the British Board of Agrement under imposed suspension from 26 February 2026 across all four of its accreditations: ISO/IEC 17065 product certification and ISO/IEC 17021 management systems under reference 0113, ISO/IEC 17020 inspection under 4345, and ISO/IEC 17025 testing under 0357. This is the page to check before repeating any advice that treats a BBA certificate as accredited third party assurance.
Cited in Breathable Membranes for Roofs & Walls, Damp Proof Membranes (DPM) & DPC: Types & Installation, EPC Ratings Explained & How to Improve Yours, External Wall Insulation (EWI) Systems & Finishes and 4 more.
- strong RN-GTCR9U cited
Water Regulations Approval Scheme
Sets out that WRAS checks testing of water fittings for compliance with the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations and the Scottish Byelaws, which impose a legal duty on everyone to use suitable water fittings when connected to a public water supply, covering pipes, fittings, taps, showers, washing machines, dishwashers, coffee machines, boilers and toilets. States plainly that a WRAS approval itself is not mandatory but the testing is, so the point of the approval is proof that the required material and mechanical tests were passed, including that a product will not affect the taste or smell of drinking water or promote microorganism growth. Every approved fitting carries requirement and installation notes stating conditions of use, for example cold water only. Non-compliant fittings may have to be replaced and can lead to prosecution and a fine; cites British insurers' data that a burst pipe repair claim in freezing weather costs on average 8,800 pounds.
Cited in Basins & Vanity Units: A Buyer's Guide, Boiling Water Taps & Filtered Taps.
- good RN-CPBFYX cited
Brick Development Association
The Brick Development Association's 2023 guide to cleaning clay brickwork, which describes efflorescence as transitory and best left to weather away before any treatment.
Cited in Efflorescence & White Staining on Brick.
- good RN-SECJ3C cited
National Federation of Roofing Contractors
NFRC page on choosing a roofing contractor. It states that members are inspected before joining and every three years after, and must comply with Building Regulations and British Standards.
Cited in Leaking Roof: Causes, Costs & Fixes.
- good RN-6QKMKT cited
National Federation of Roofing Contractors
The roofing trade body page that supplies the single most useful threshold for a roof repair note: the 50 per cent rule. Where refurbishment work affects 50 per cent or more of the roof area, the homeowner must either employ a roofing contractor registered with the NFRC Competent Person Scheme or contact Local Authority Building Control, because the roof must then be upgraded to meet the thermal requirements of Part L of the current Building Regulations. That is why a full re-roof costs materially more than a patch repair. NFRC CPS members can self-certify their roofing works without using building inspectors. NFRC is a scheme provider to TrustMark, the UK government endorsed quality scheme for home improvements. It recommends obtaining an Insurance Backed Guarantee, which backs up but is independent of the contractor's own guarantee, since contractors can go out of business. On quotes it advises selecting up to three contractors, getting recommendations from trusted sources, requesting written quotes, not choosing on price alone, and basing the choice on the quality of the advice given and confidence in the contractor.
Cited in The Complete UK Roofing Guide (2026), Slate Roof Tiles: Types, Cost & Lifespan.
- good RN-NV7WQX cited
Property Care Association
The PCA's homeowner guidance on cavity wall ties, confirming that earlier ties were usually mild steel and corrode and expand when damp.
Cited in Cavity Wall Tie Failure: Signs & Repair, Cavity Wall Ties: Types, Spacing & Replacement, Cracks in Walls: When to Worry.
- good RN-L2LAVP cited
Property Care Association
The PCA's professional guidance page, which points members to its Code of Practice for installing remedial wall ties.
Cited in Cavity Wall Tie Failure: Signs & Repair.
- good RN-RSMQ3V cited
Property Care Association
The trade association's code of practice for damp surveys and treatment. It describes rising damp as typically showing a tide-mark up to about 1 m above floor level, occasionally higher, with salts concentrated near the top.
Cited in How to Prevent Damp In Your Home.
- good RN-9T4V37 cited
Property Care Association
The PCA's condensation page, and the citation for the claim that condensation, not rising damp, is the commonest damp problem in UK homes. It states that condensation is the most common form of unwanted dampness in buildings and homes and appears to be increasing as buildings become more airtight and insulated, first showing as beads of water or mould on colder surfaces such as walls or around windows. It attributes the moisture to ordinary activity, naming cooking, showers and baths, washing and drying clothes and breathing, and identifies lack of adequate ventilation as the main reason that moisture becomes a problem, with poor building design, poor thermal performance and occupant behaviour as contributors. On consequences it lists deterioration of decoration, stained curtains, damaged fabrics, decay in window frames, mould on wallpapers and paints in poorly ventilated areas and a damp smell, and states that at its most severe condensation can damage plaster and timber, and that where it occurs under suspended floors it greatly increases the chance of dry or wet rot in floor timbers. It notes condensation is more apparent in winter when external air temperatures are lower.
- good RN-3UDM40 cited
Property Care Association
The PCA's professional guidance on investigating dampness, listing its key documents, including the PCA Code of Practice for the investigation and control of dampness in buildings.
Cited in Damp Survey: Cost & What to Expect, Damp Walls: Diagnosing the Type.
- good RN-9LARH1 cited
Property Care Association
The PCA's homeowner advice on damp proofing, which says misdiagnosis of damp problems is not uncommon and that rising damp in particular is prone to it.
Cited in Damp Survey: Cost & What to Expect, Damp Walls: Diagnosing the Type.
- good RN-FFMMST cited
Property Care Association
The PCA's member search, which separates contractor members from independent or freelance surveyor members, so a homeowner can choose an independent surveyor.
Cited in Damp Survey: Cost & What to Expect.
- good RN-KZS1HB cited
Property Care Association
PCA guidance on moisture meters: conductivity meters give relative readings, not a direct moisture content, and their value depends on the user's interpretation.
Cited in Damp Survey: Cost & What to Expect, Damp Walls: Diagnosing the Type.
- good RN-FXHDLC cited
Property Care Association
PCA guidance note on fungal decay in buildings, identifying dry rot (Serpula lacrymans) as the most serious form of timber decay.
Cited in Dry Rot vs Wet Rot: Identify & Treat, Sagging or Bouncy Floors: Causes & Fixes.
- good RN-88UEPV cited
Property Care Association
The PCA's definition of rising damp and its diagnostic signs, useful because a damp note has to distinguish it from condensation and penetrating damp before quoting a treatment cost. It describes rising damp as external ground water drawn up through brickwork by capillary action, normally shown by moisture at the base of a wall reducing with height and often a visible tide mark, with hygroscopic salts, particularly chlorides and nitrates, almost invariably present in groundwater and therefore found in affected walls and plaster. That salt point is why replastering is part of the specification rather than an upsell. Common causes given are moisture bypassing the damp proof course because ground levels around the base of the property have been raised, for example by a new patio or planting bed, failure of certain types of damp proof course, and incorrect installation of the DPC when the property was built. It defines a damp proof course as a waterproof barrier installed roughly 6 inches above ground level to prevent capillary climb, notes early types included overlapping slate, lead and engineering bricks, and states that the vast majority of DPCs today are polyethylene and have proved highly reliable and robust.
Cited in Damp Proofing: Methods, Costs & When You Need It, DPC Injection vs Membrane for Rising Damp.
- good RN-EB3RPE cited
Property Care Association
Names the qualification a homeowner should ask a damp or waterproofing surveyor for, and expands the abbreviation that notes usually leave unexplained. CSSW is the Certificated Surveyor in Structural Waterproofing, described as a nationally recognised professional qualification for individuals diagnosing defects connected to water entering structures below ground level, and the industry benchmark for structural waterproofing professionals. Successful candidates receive the ABBE/PCA Level 3 Certificated Surveyor in Structural Waterproofing, awarded through ABBE, the Awarding Body for the Built Environment. The companion damp and timber qualification is CSTDB, Certificated Surveyor of Timber and Dampness in Buildings, which supersedes the older CSRT; the PCA pages for that one moved and returned 404 on 9 September 2026, so CSRT versus CSTDB still needs checking by hand.
Cited in Basement & Cellar Conversions: Cost, Basement Conversion Cost & Feasibility (UK), Efflorescence & White Staining on Brick.
- good RN-IZHFZG cited
Property Care Association
PCA history of its surveyor qualifications, confirming that CSTDB replaced CSRT in 2018 as the timber and damp surveying qualification (CTIS being an older predecessor).
Cited in Sagging or Bouncy Floors: Causes & Fixes, Woodworm & Timber Treatment.
- good RN-0U58VY cited
Property Care Association
The trade body's homeowner guidance, and the source for the diagnostic detail a woodworm note needs rather than a treatment firm's sales page. It explains that woodworm is a generic name for wood boring insects in their larval stage rather than one species, most commonly associated with the Common Furniture Beetle, and that few of the many UK timber-boring insects have adapted to infest timber in homes. The identifying sign for the Common Furniture Beetle is small round exit holes approximately 1 to 2mm across left as the adult emerges. The harder question is whether an infestation is active: signs of activity are small piles of bore dust, called frass, around exit holes, particularly visible as trails on vertical surfaces, though in undisturbed conditions even that can mislead, and the best indicator is the presence of adult beetle carcasses. It also gives the prevention rule a note should lead with, which is that the best means of prevention is keeping timber dry, because timber at a sufficiently low moisture content is highly unlikely to sustain infestation.
Cited in Sagging or Bouncy Floors: Causes & Fixes, Woodworm & Timber Treatment.
- good RN-07ZOM4 cited
Temporary Works forum and Association of Specialist Underpinning Contractors (ASUC)
The specialist good practice guide behind traditional mass concrete underpinning, and the source of the bay dimensions that explain why underpinning is slow and expensive. Paragraph 6.1 limits an underpin bay to 1.50m in length, and paragraph 6.3 requires a hit and miss numbered bay sequence rather than a continuous excavation (Figure 5). Paragraph 6.4 gives a typical access pit plan size of the width of the underpin, 1 to 1.50m, by 1.50m. Paragraph 6.10 sets a minimum underpin depth of 1.0m and paragraph 6.11 a minimum underpin wall or stem thickness of 450mm (Figure 8). Paragraph 6.12 allows 24 hours for the underpin concrete, and paragraph 6.13 covers the dry pack gap between the top of the underpin concrete and the underside of the existing foundation. Section 5.2 notes the likely need for a Party Wall award and movement monitoring of affected structures, and the guidance stresses site investigation covering stratigraphy and water levels before design. It sits under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations, first introduced in 1995, for the management and control of temporary works.
Cited in Underpinning: When You Need It & Cost.
- good RN-7LSFD0 cited
TRADA
TRADA's flooring guidance explains why floors squeak in service: moisture-related shrinkage of timber parts and the friction between them is a main cause.
Cited in Fixing Squeaky Floors & Stairs.
- fair RN-DUYNSF cited
Association of British Insurers
ABI press release of 3 August 2026 giving the second-quarter 2026 subsidence payout of £72 million and the record average claim of £20,000.
Cited in Subsidence: Signs, Causes & What to Do.
- fair RN-LPDFTS cited
Association of British Insurers
The insurers' trade body's consumer guide to subsidence; it says most cracking has other causes such as thermal movement and drying plaster.
Cited in Subsidence: Signs, Causes & What to Do.
- fair RN-M6GPRW cited
Centre for Sustainable Energy
An energy charity's advice sheet on condensation and mould, setting out how to treat visible mould with a bleach-based spray and repeat the treatment.